Anxiety, Depression, Quality of Life, Subjective Well-being, and Social Support as Predictors of Emotional Development in Pregnant Adolescents with HIV
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69653/iah20233Keywords:
Emotional development, Adolescence and HIV, Anxiety and depression, Social support, Quality of lifeAbstract
Background: The emotional health of pregnant adolescents with HIV is influenced by multiple psychosocial factors. This vulnerable group faces significant challenges that affect their quality of life and subjective well-being due to the stigma and discrimination associated with both HIV and adolescent pregnancy. Anxiety and depression are prevalent in this population and may compromise their emotional development and adherence to antiretroviral treatment. Objective: To assess how anxiety, depression, quality of life, subjective well-being, and social support act as predictors of emotional development in pregnant adolescents with HIV. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 368 HIV-positive pregnant adolescents aged 12 to 17 years in Ecuador, using questionnaires to measure anxiety, depression, social support, subjective well-being, and quality of life. Structural equation modeling was employed to analyze the relationships among these variables. Results: Data revealed a positive correlation between subjective well-being, quality of life, social support, and emotional development. Anxiety and depression showed a strong negative correlation with emotional development. Statistical tests indicated a good fit of the theoretical model with CFI and TLI greater than .90, an RMSEA of 0.06, and an SRMR of 0.07, confirming the proposed hypotheses. Conclusions: Depression and anxiety have a significant negative impact on the emotional development of pregnant adolescents with HIV, whereas social support, subjective well-being, and good quality of life act as protective factors. These findings underscore the importance of specific interventions that improve social support and address mental health issues to promote healthy emotional development in this group. The research provides a basis for future strategies aimed at improving the psychological and emotional aspects in pregnant adolescents with HIV, highlighting the need for a holistic approach in health care.
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